Child Nutrition and Health

These diets provide adequate nutrition for the child of any developmental age and will aid in establishing good eating habits. These diets are based on the basic food groups with considerations of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for age. Food group quantities may be divided to include between-meal snacks. The age of the child will determine consistency and amount of foods to be eaten. Education, with the support of the health care community, combined with health policy and environmental change to support optimal nutrition and physical activity, are central to this health strategy.

Neonatology is a subspecialty of Pediatrics that consists of the intensive care of new-born infants, especially premature new-born. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Neonatologist is trained particularly to handle the most complex and high-risk situations.

Malnutrition or malnourishment is a condition that results from eating a diet lacking in nutrients. Malnutrition in children is especially harmful. The damage to physical and cognitive development during the first two years of a child’s life is largely irreversible. Malnutrition also leads to poor school performance, which can result in future income reduction. Adults who were undernourished as children are at risk of developing diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular issues.

• Marasmus
• Kwashiorkor
• Vitamin and mineral deficiency
• Stunting

Developed countries currently face a multitude of chronic illnesses with many people cumulating several conditions.A chronic illness is a health issue requiring care over a period of years or even decades.In the world, chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, are by far the leading causes of mortality in the world, representing 60% of all deaths.

• Hypertension and cardiovascular disorders
• Gastrointestinal diseases
• Respiratory diseases
• Renal diseases
• Cancer
• Anaemia
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Coeliac disease

Having excess body weight is known as obesity. Body mass index or BMI gives an easy way to estimate whether a person is overweight or not. BMI is measured by person’s weight in kilogram divided by the square of a person’s height in meters. Though BMI calculation is the not the accurate way of judging someone is obese or not, still gives a vague idea about a person’s health. Many factors contribute to childhood obesity including genetics, metabolism, society in which the child is staying, short sleep duration, eating and physical activity behaviour

Food allergy is becoming a serious problem around the world, with an estimated 6–8% of youngsters affected at a connected age childhood. It is significant to recognize that the nutritional implications include not only the elimination of essential food from the diet. Clinical awareness is required among health professionals as to the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, study, and supervision of food allergic disorders, as is the inclusion of a dietician as part of the allergy team. The food intake by the children with the unhygienic dietary interference can be an integral part of the allergy consultation.

• Fixed and cycle food allergies
• Immune implications
• Growth implications
• Cognitive implications
• Circulation symptoms
• Breathing problems
• Enteric infections

Breastfeeding, also known as nurturing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast. Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for strong growth and progress. Colostrum, the yellowish, sticky breast milk produced at the end of pregnancy, is suggested as the perfect food for the new born. Breastfeeding has a number of reimbursements to both mother and baby.

• Production of breast milk
• Composition of breast milk
• Benefits of breast milk
• Medicinal uses of breast feeding
• Immunity obtained by breast milk
• Problems related to breast milk
• Vaccinations
• Breastfeeding and alternatives

Probiotics are living bacteria and yeasts that are good for our health, especially to your digestive system. Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they aid to keep your body healthy. We can also found them in some diets and supplements. When you lose "good" bacteria in your build with probiotics can support substituting them. They can help balance your "good" and "bad" bacteria to have infant’s body working like it should be.

• Age at start
• Dose and duration
• Use of probiotics
• Selection of strains
• Monitoring for adverse effects
• Respiratory distress syndrome
• Rhinovirus, common cold and tetanus

Diagnosis technique specializes in the different methods related to the analysis to the pre equipped medication in the sector Pediatrics and neonatal. The Care include the type of the medical equipment’s the medicine involved, the doctors, nurses and the different research scolars.it also reflects in the rehabilitation care and medical management of children with neuromuscular disorders, Health growth, birth problem. The physicians and nurse practitioner in the Pediatric rehabilitation medicine division provide evaluation and on-going care to patient in rehabilitation clinics.

• Preschools & centre based care
• Customized care
• Learning the right things
• Family child care
• Nutrients and clinical strategies
• Pediatric nutrition care manual

A Case Report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a new-born patient. Case reports contain a demographic outline of the patient and usually describes an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. The session includes discussion on Pediatric Gastroenterology, Neonatal Gastroenterology, and Pediatric Gastrointestinal disorders, Pediatric Hepatology, Pediatric Nutrition and Pediatric Surgery.

• Pediatric gastroenterology
• Pediatric hepatology
• Pediatric nutrition

The categorized problems associated with the permanent or temporary diseases of a new born infant at the time of birth or the diseases developed within a span of first month after the birth. It may be included as the hereditary diseases or the diseases caused when the child is exposed to the environment, the Pediatric disorder, illness, impairment or any abnormal condition that can affect the child in a primarily way should be cured in with in a stipulated time. The disorder should be treated with in a small amount of time so that the child born will not be affected by any kind of disorder in the coming future.

• Anorexia
• Neurofibromatosis & migraine
• Lennox gas tout syndrome
• Encephalopathy
• Muscular dystrophy
• Cognitive development
• Vomiting after eating
• Depression
• Anxiety disorders
• Binge eating
• Bulimia
• Pediatric ataxia

Parenteral nutrition was first inculcated new-born by the starting 1972. Since that time, it has subsidized vitally to the survival of many children around the world. Soon the new changes in the parenteral nutrition, however, it added a serious problem associated with it. Uniqueness in the characteristics of the neonatal has added to the implementation of the Pediatrics nutrition in itself.

• Parental nutrition nursing
• Parental nutrition obesity
• Parental nutrition in chronic diseases
• Parental nutrition in behavioural health
• Parental nutrition in food allergies
• Nourishing a growing child
• Parental nutrition in eating disorders
• Parental nutrition in malnutrition

For a neonate, mother’s milk is the best nutrition which he can get. Hence, breastfeeding becomes an important part of the diet for the child’s proper growth. Mother’s milk has such nutrition which even the baby food fed as a supplement to mother’s milk cannot provide. Even still breastfeeding is recommended up to 6 months of age. After 6-24 months they must be fed with “complementary food” since after 6 months of age, the milk alone is not sufficient for the child. Malnutrition due to negligence to diet during this period of growth can be very difficult to reverse. The lack of complementary feeding is the major cause of high rates of under-nutrition in children under 5 years of age. By the age child reaches adolescence, their growth is still accelerated and their caloric demands are higher than normal. For boys, the caloric needs are higher than that of girls of the same age due to metabolic differences. Due to this they nutritional needs keeps changing with their age and development of the body. A Pediatric nutritionist looks after the dietary needs of infants as well as adolescents. A Pediatric nurse or a nutritionist needs to make sure that the parents are given the right knowledge about the dietary needs of their growing child.  However, overfeeding in early childhood can lead to obesity or hypervitaminosis.

Diseases of infants present at birth developing within the first month of birth. Childhood disease and disorder, any illness, impairment, abnormal condition which affects the primarily infants or children. Childhood is a period characterized by change, both in the child and in the instant environment. Changes in the child linked to growth and progress are so striking that it is almost as if the child were a series of distinct yet connected individuals passing through infancy, childhood, and adolescence.

• Hepatitis A & B
• Gonorrhea & Para influenza infection
• Erotizing Enter colitis
• Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection
• Meconium aspiration syndrome

Advances in Food and Nutrition react to the rising requests of the consumers and the different issue that emerge due to an improper or insufficient intake of food and nutrition. There are various researches in food engineering techniques that are being developed which incorporates genetically modified food and 3D imprinting in food.